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Snoring is such an ordinary part of people’s lives that it’s easy to become complacent about it. But is it just a harmless part of the sleep soundscape, or does all that “sound and fury” signify something?
It’s estimated that almost 60 percent of men, 40 percent of women, and more than 25 percent of children snore. As a person relaxes during sleep, the muscles in the throat loosen and narrow the airway. Then, when the person breaths, it causes the limp tissue to flutter like a flag in the wind, generating the familiar rattling sounds of snoring.
Things that can increase the likelihood of snoring include:
Nasal congestion or obstruction – Having allergies, nasal polyps, or a deviated septum can limit the amount of air that’s able to flow through the nose. (A deviated septum occurs when the thin cartilage divider between the nasal passages is off-center or crooked. That makes one of the passages smaller and harder to breathe through.)
Challenging anatomy – The size and shape of muscles and tissues in the neck can impact snoring. Some people just have large tonsils, tongues, or soft palates (That’s the muscular part at the back of the roof of the mouth. It sits behind the hard palate, which is the bony part of the roof of the mouth.) These anatomical structures can all block airflow. Additionally, the size and location of the jaw can cause the tongue to collapse backward, also blocking the airway.
Alcohol consumption or use of sedative medications – These both cause muscles to relax, including the muscles of the mouth, jaw, and throat. Alcohol also causes nasal irritation and throat dryness. This increases airway resistance and makes breathing more difficult.
Pregnancy – Changes in pregnancy contribute to snoring in a couple of ways. First, the amount of blood in a pregnant person’s body increases, causing blood vessels to expand and nasal passages to become swollen. Secondly, weight gain increases the tissue in the throat and neck and narrows the upper airway.
Being overweight – Excess weight can cause snoring for anyone, not just pregnant people. It’s easy to see where adipose tissue (fat) is located when it’s stored near the outside of our bodies. However, it’s also deposited on the inside of our bodies: around our internal organs and inside our neck and throat. Once there, it increases the amount of soft tissue and crowds breathing passages, reducing the amount of air that can get through.
Snoring can be no problem at all, a minor irritation, or a major issue, depending on its type, severity, and frequency.
Soft, sporadic snoring is normal and doesn’t require any intervention (as long as it’s not bothering your bed partner.)
Primary snoring happens more than 3 nights a week. It can be more disruptive to a bed partner but isn’t cause for concern unless there are signs that sleep quality or quantity is being diminished. (See below)
Sleep Apnea snoring is loud! There are moments when breathing stops, followed by gasps for air. These are signals of sleep apnea, a serious (and potentially deadly) sleep disorder. Also watch for:
• Daytime drowsiness
• High blood pressure
• Nighttime teeth grinding
• Frequent nighttime urination
• Difficulty focusing/ brain fog
• Waking with a dry mouth
• Morning headaches and congestion
While not everyone that snores has sleep apnea, almost everyone that has sleep apnea snores! Read the full version of the “Topic of the Month” newsletter to learn more about the causes of sleep apnea, its potentially dangerous complications, and its treatments. The full version also contains links to all the resources cited in the newsletter. This issue, and 60+ more, are at www.sawtoothmountainclinic.org.
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